{"id":12,"date":"2010-10-10T20:02:24","date_gmt":"2010-10-10T18:02:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/?p=12"},"modified":"2010-10-10T21:23:53","modified_gmt":"2010-10-10T19:23:53","slug":"max-stirner-ideoloji-muritlerinin-nefret-etmeyi-sevdigi-anarsist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/?p=12","title":{"rendered":"Max Stirner: \u0130deoloji m\u00fcritlerinin nefret etmeyi sevdi\u011fi anar\u015fist"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jason McQuinn<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Max Stirner (Avrupal\u0131 bir anar\u015fistin ilk kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takma ismiyle Johann Caspar Schmidt), 1848’deki Prusya Devrimi’ni takip eden y\u0131llarda Hegel sonras\u0131 olu\u015fan felsefi \u00e7evrenin ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki en tan\u0131nan merkezi karakterlerden birisidir.\u00a0\u00a0Stirner, 1806’da do\u011fdu, Hegelci felsefenin egemen oldu\u011fu e\u011fitim sisteminde \u00fcniversiteye gitti; felsefe, filoloji ve teoloji \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 -o zamanlarda Hegel’den de dersler ald\u0131. Ancak \u00fcniversitede s\u0131navlarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131. Berlin\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlarinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki zamanlar\u0131nda \u015farap barlar\u0131na ve kahve evlerine s\u0131k s\u0131k u\u011frarken,\u00a0\u00a0bir yandan da \u201clisede\u201d1<\/sup> k\u0131zlara \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131. \u201cDie Frein\u201d2<\/sup> (\u00d6zg\u00fcr grubu) ile Friedrichstrasse’deki Hippel’in \u015farap bar\u0131nda ili\u015fkilenmeye\u00a0\u00a0ba\u015flad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Bruno Bauer, Friedrich Engels ( dutzbruder3<\/sup>) ve Arnold Ruge gibi d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli\u00a0\u00a0isyanc\u0131 entelekt\u00fcellerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131yla da\u00a0\u00a0arkada\u015fl\u0131k geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Stirner’in k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hreti neredeyse tamamen onun ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131yla ilgili:\u00a0Der Einzige und sein Eigentum<\/em> (Biricik ve M\u00fclkiyeti)\u00a04<\/sup>. Stirner’in daha \u00f6nceden de makaleler yazm\u0131\u015f, analizlerini ifade etmi\u015f ve bunlar\u0131 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 1844 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda kitab\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131lmas\u0131, \u201cDie Frein\u201d daki yolda\u015flar\u0131 ve Prusya’daki geni\u015f liberal ve radikal\u00a0\u00a0k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7evrelerde bir \u015fok etkisi yaratt\u0131. Stirner’in metni, yaln\u0131zca \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131na k\u0131yasla daha radikal de\u011fildi; ayn\u0131 zamanda Hegel’in felsefi sistemine, Ludwig Fuerbach’\u0131n h\u00fcmanizmine, Bruno Bauer’in ele\u015ftirel ele\u015ftiriselli\u011fine, Wilhelm Weitling’in kom\u00fcnizmine, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon’un kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 anar\u015fizmine ve Karl Marx’\u0131n geli\u015fmekte olan Fuerbach\u00e7\u0131 kom\u00fcnizmine de y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ele\u015ftirel yumruklar indiriyordu. Moses Hess’in, Fuerbach’\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0ve Bauer’in metnine\u00a0\u00a0y\u00f6nelik tepkisel yaz\u0131lar\u0131na yan\u0131t olarak, Stirner, onlar\u0131n hatal\u0131 okumalar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmak i\u00e7inRecensenten Stirner’s5<\/sup><\/em> <\/sup>(Stirner’in Ele\u015ftirisi) ni yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Engels’in Stirner’in metnine y\u00f6nelik ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta duydu\u011fu co\u015fku, Marx’\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaba disiplinle bir anda yok oldu. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, Marx ve Engels, Stirner\u2019in muazzam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na\u00a0Die Deutsche Ideologie<\/em> (Alman \u0130deolojisi) ile, ki Stirner hi\u00e7bir zaman bunu g\u00f6remedi, cephe a\u00e7t\u0131lar.\u00a0Stirner\u2019in Ele\u015ftirisi <\/em>de aynen\u00a0Biricik ve M\u00fclkiyeti<\/em> gibi, o y\u0131llardaki (1844- 48) ayaklanma ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde kald\u0131 ve neredeyse unutuldu.<\/p>\n

1700’lerin sonunda ve 1800’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0\u00a0Avrupa\u2019da, anar\u015fist \u00e7evreler, gruplar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce de,\u00a0de facto olarak dikkat \u00e7eken anar\u015fistler ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Max Stirner sadece ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara \u00f6zen g\u00f6steren ve tutarl\u0131 bir anar\u015fist teorik y\u00f6nelimi olan bir yazar de\u011fildi;\u00a0\u00a0o, ayn\u0131 zamanda felsefi manada gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en \u00f6nemli anar\u015fist ele\u015ftiriyi de ortaya koymu\u015ftu. Stirner\u2019in teorisi, hem anar\u015fist \u00e7evreler i\u00e7inde hem de d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda,\u00a0\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fmalara ve keskin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara vesile oldu. Stirner’in betimleyici, fenomenolojik egoizmi ve mutlak olarak k\u00f6leli\u011fin her t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, bi\u00e7imini reddetmesi anar\u015fist ahlak\u00e7\u0131lar, ideologlar ve (\u00f6zellikle solcular ama bireyciler ve di\u011ferleri de dahil) her kanattan politikac\u0131lar nezdinde\u00a0\u00a0rahats\u0131zl\u0131k yaratt\u0131. Her tek bireyin, daima kendi kararlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve her an kendi iradesine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak veya kendine yabanc\u0131la\u015fmak ve k\u00f6le olmak se\u00e7enekleriyle y\u00fczle\u015fmekten ka\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ve net bi\u00e7imde kabul eden Stirner, sadece reaksiyonerlerin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda kendisini radikal ilan edenlerin ve s\u00f6z\u00fcmona anar\u015fistlerin de isyan\u0131 kendi emellerine alet edip yeni yabanc\u0131la\u015fma ve k\u00f6lelik bi\u00e7imlerine kanalize etme giri\u015fimlerini t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla if\u015fa eder.\u00a0Der Einzige und sein Eigentum<\/em>\u2019da Stirner\u2019in, zorunlu ahlak yoluyla k\u00f6leli\u011fi yasalla\u015ft\u0131rmak isteyenlere, politik ko\u015fullara ve kapitalist ekonomiye ya da e\u015fde\u011fer kurumsal bi\u00e7imlere boyun e\u011fmeyi me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ideoloji taraftarlar\u0131na ve herkesi hizada tutmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalayanlara,\u00a0\u00a0insanlar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fc gibi y\u00f6nlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan politikac\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik sert ele\u015ftirileri mevcut.\u00a0\u00a0Marksistler, militaristler ve politikac\u0131lar tarihleri boyunca Stirner’e \u201c\u015feytani anar\u015fist\u201d muamelesi yapt\u0131lar. Anar\u015fist camian\u0131n i\u00e7inde bile, Proudhon’dan Bakunin’e, Kropotkin’den Faure’ye, Maximoff’tan Arshinov’a ve \u00f6zellikle 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca anarko-solun s\u0131radan ideologlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Max Stirner’in s\u00f6zleri lanetliydi!<\/p>\n

Ancak h\u00e2l\u00e2, – anarko-solcular\u0131 ne kadar \u00f6fkelendirse de-\u00a0\u00a0i\u00e7ine anar\u015fistlerin de dahil oldu\u011fu, Stirner\u2019in uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve ele\u015ftirilerini dikkate alan, evcille\u015fmemi\u015f ve\u00a0\u00a0kontrol edilemez ba\u015f\u0131bozuklar, kendini domine edecek kurumlar\u0131 reddeden ne\u015feli ve radikal bir az\u0131nl\u0131k her zaman var. Stirner’in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi, \u201cHi\u00e7bir \u015fey bana benden \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir!\u201d. Bu s\u00f6z, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, yaln\u0131zca kendi hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7ti\u011fimizde \u00f6zg\u00fcr olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anlam\u0131na geliyor. Politikac\u0131lar, ekonomistler, ideoloji taraftarlar\u0131, rahipler, felsefeciler, polisler ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t\u00e7\u0131 sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, yasal yollardan ya da de\u011fil, planlarla, ve\/veya\u00a0bombalarla ve silahlarla: Ya\u015famlar\u0131m\u0131zdan defolup gidin! Bunlara, g\u00f6zlerimize perde \u00e7ekebilece\u011fini sanan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t\u00e7\u0131 anar\u015fist de dahil!<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dipnotlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gymnasium1 <\/sup>: <\/strong>O d\u00f6nemde, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 bir kolej haz\u0131rl\u0131k okuluna denk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Die Frein2<\/sup>:<\/strong> Serbest Gen\u00e7 Hegelciler grubunun ismi.<\/p>\n

Dutzbruder3 <\/sup>:<\/strong> \u201cResmi\u201d olmayan ve birbirini yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yanlar\u0131n \u201csen\u201d olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 kelime (Almanca du- sen’in, bruder- karde\u015f ile birle\u015fiminden olu\u015fan kelime )<\/p>\n

Der Einzige und sein Eigenthum4<\/sup>:<\/strong> Biricik ve M\u00fclkiyeti<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/sup>Recensenten Stirner’s5 <\/sup>,Stirner’in Ele\u015ftirisi: <\/strong>Bu a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik savunma, 1845 Eyl\u00fcl’de\u00a0Wigands<\/em>Vierteljahrsschrift<\/em>\u2019te yay\u0131nland\u0131 (ama genellikle g\u00f6rmezden gelindi).<\/p>\n

Die Deutsche Ideologie6<\/sup>, Alman ideolojisi: <\/strong>Marx kulaklar, komiserler ve gizli servisin topraklar\u0131nda bir Tanr\u0131\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckten sonra en sonunda bas\u0131ld\u0131, ama kitab\u0131n Stirner\u2019in isminin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sans\u00fcrlendikten sonra!<\/p>\n

kaynak:<\/strong> http:\/\/karaisyan.blogspot.com\/2010\/10\/max-stirner-ideoloji-muritlerinin.html<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizce kaynak:<\/strong> http:\/\/theanarchistlibrary.org\/authors\/Jason_McQuinn.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jason McQuinn Max Stirner (Avrupal\u0131 bir anar\u015fistin ilk kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takma ismiyle Johann Caspar Schmidt), 1848’deki Prusya Devrimi’ni takip eden y\u0131llarda Hegel sonras\u0131 olu\u015fan felsefi \u00e7evrenin ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki en tan\u0131nan merkezi karakterlerden birisidir.\u00a0\u00a0Stirner, 1806’da do\u011fdu, Hegelci felsefenin egemen oldu\u011fu e\u011fitim sisteminde \u00fcniversiteye gitti; felsefe, filoloji ve teoloji \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 -o zamanlarda Hegel’den de dersler ald\u0131. Ancak \u00fcniversitede […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2168,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[9,18,17,12,11,15,16,8,14,7,13],"class_list":["post-12","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turkce-makaleler","tag-anarchy","tag-anarsi","tag-bakunin","tag-biricik-ve-mulkiyeti","tag-einzige-und-sein-eigentum","tag-engels","tag-fun","tag-individual","tag-marx","tag-max-stirner","tag-radical"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2168"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51,"href":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12\/revisions\/51"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yasamaevet.noblogs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}